http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/nov/27/sportsrights.television
Setanta sports has managed to strike a deal to show 90 World Cup 2010 matches. Also it has managed to get the majority of Englands away fixtures. I have chosen this story in particular as it is one that effects me. Already it is expensive enough to show live football but now that Setanta sports has rights to screen live football, it is making it more difficult for people to watch as many live games as they can as it is proving more expensive. Sky already offer sky sports and prem plus. Now that Setanta is in the picture as well, they are also offering a subscription service which again makes it more expensive. Though it could be argued that Setanta is offering healthy competition for the bigger companies and therefore is challenging the monopoly that may be within this certain industry. Perosnally though I feel it is not as good for customers, as it becomes more difficult for them to be able to follow their team, as kick off times have also changed due to tv deals.
What four motivations for choosing a text did Blumler and Katz suggest?
Diversion - also known as escapism. This is when people escape from everyday problems and routine.
Personal relationships - using the media as a form to interact with their emotional life. e.g. substituting soap operas or family life
Personal Identity - Constructing their own identity from characters in media texts and learning behaviour and values.
Surveillance - Information gathering, e.g. education programmes, weather reports, financial news, holiday bargains.
What is a cultural code?
A theorist David Morley suggested that alot of focus should be put on socio-economic groups. For e.g. Texts will appeal differently to A/B classes than they will to C/D classes.
Wednesday 28 November 2007
Wednesday 21 November 2007
Media Guardian Story - Gun film ads banned
http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/nov/21/asa.advertising
The film Shoot 'Em Up's ad has a picture of a man holding a gun and this has caused controversy amongst people as they believe that guns are being glorified. Many people also believe that ads like this are offensive and insensitive to people such as the family of 11 year old Rhys Jones who was killed by a gun. Also they believe that the creators of this ad were being irresponsible regarding the issue of gun crime. I personally believe that these people have all right to complain as guns are being glorified in a time that gun crime is on the increase and is affecting the lives of many. Also I personally have a hegemonic view and therefore I believe that the ruling classes are trying to portray a certain image. I do not think they are promoting the need of a gun, but rather are making it look like a "cool" accessory to have. This can also link to the hypodermic needle theory as I believe that audiences are passive and believe alot of what they see. So if the ideology that is being put through that guns are made to look "cool" then I believe that audiences will believe it as most of them are too afraid to challenge it. The only people likely to be affected by this are those who know people that have been affected by gun crime personally.
The film Shoot 'Em Up's ad has a picture of a man holding a gun and this has caused controversy amongst people as they believe that guns are being glorified. Many people also believe that ads like this are offensive and insensitive to people such as the family of 11 year old Rhys Jones who was killed by a gun. Also they believe that the creators of this ad were being irresponsible regarding the issue of gun crime. I personally believe that these people have all right to complain as guns are being glorified in a time that gun crime is on the increase and is affecting the lives of many. Also I personally have a hegemonic view and therefore I believe that the ruling classes are trying to portray a certain image. I do not think they are promoting the need of a gun, but rather are making it look like a "cool" accessory to have. This can also link to the hypodermic needle theory as I believe that audiences are passive and believe alot of what they see. So if the ideology that is being put through that guns are made to look "cool" then I believe that audiences will believe it as most of them are too afraid to challenge it. The only people likely to be affected by this are those who know people that have been affected by gun crime personally.
Effects Theory Checkpoints
Checkpoint 1:
Culture industry is a term coined by Theodor Adorno (1903-1969) and Max Horkheimer (1895-1973), who argued that popular culture is akin to a factory producing standardized cultural goods to manipulate the masses into passivity; the easy pleasures available through consumption of popular culture make people docile and content, no matter how difficult their economic circumstances. Adorno and Horkheimer saw this mass-produced culture as a danger to the more difficult high arts. Culture industries may cultivate false needs; that is, needs created and satisfied by capitalism. True needs, in contrast, are freedom, creativity, or genuine happiness. Herbert Marcuse was the first to demarcate true needs from false needs.
This is a hegemonic view and states that the ruling classes control what we believe and hear. Also that the the audience are passive due to this so therefore are less likely to challenge what they hear.
Checkpoint 2:
Desensitised is when exposure of certain ideologies will make the audience less sensitive to them and ideologies in society change over time. For e.g. subjects that are taboo at certain times such as swearing in films is now not frowned upon in society as much.
Culture industry is a term coined by Theodor Adorno (1903-1969) and Max Horkheimer (1895-1973), who argued that popular culture is akin to a factory producing standardized cultural goods to manipulate the masses into passivity; the easy pleasures available through consumption of popular culture make people docile and content, no matter how difficult their economic circumstances. Adorno and Horkheimer saw this mass-produced culture as a danger to the more difficult high arts. Culture industries may cultivate false needs; that is, needs created and satisfied by capitalism. True needs, in contrast, are freedom, creativity, or genuine happiness. Herbert Marcuse was the first to demarcate true needs from false needs.
This is a hegemonic view and states that the ruling classes control what we believe and hear. Also that the the audience are passive due to this so therefore are less likely to challenge what they hear.
Checkpoint 2:
Desensitised is when exposure of certain ideologies will make the audience less sensitive to them and ideologies in society change over time. For e.g. subjects that are taboo at certain times such as swearing in films is now not frowned upon in society as much.
Tuesday 13 November 2007
STEVE JOBS
http://www.justin.2netwits.com/blog/archives/images/steve.jpg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kN0SVBCJqLs
http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/commentary/cultofmac/2006/03/70512
Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is the co-founder and CEO of Apple and was the CEO of Pixar until its acquisition by Disney. He is currently the largest Disney shareholder and a member of Disney's Board of Directors. He is considered a leading figure in both the computer and entertainment industries.
Although he dropped out after only one semester,he continued auditing classes at Reed, such as one in calligraphy. "If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts," he said.
He took a job as a technician at Atari, a manufacturer of popular video games
Jobs then backpacked around India with a Reed College friend (and, later, first Apple employee), Daniel Kottke, in search of philosophical enlightenment. He came back with his head shaved and wearing traditional Indian clothing. He returned to his previous job at Atari and was given the task of creating a circuit board for the game Breakout.
Apple Computer Co. was founded as a partnership on April 1, 1976. Though their initial plan was to sell just printed circuit boards, Jobs and Wozniak ended up creating a batch of completely assembled computers and thus entered the personal computer business. The first personal computer Jobs and Wozniak introduced, the Apple I, sold for US$666.66, a number Wozniak came up with because he liked repeating digits
Two days later at Apple's annual shareholders meeting on January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the Macintosh to a wildly enthusiastic audience; Andy Hertzfeld described the scene as "pandemonium. The Macintosh became the first commercially successful computer with a graphical user interface, although it was heavily influenced by Xerox PARC
Around the same time, Jobs founded another computer company, NeXT Computer. Like the Apple Lisa, the NeXT workstation was technologically advanced, but was never able to break into the mainstream mainly owing to its high cost
NeXT technology played a large role in catalyzing three unrelated events:
The World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee developed the original World Wide Web system at CERN on a NeXT workstation. Jobs' insistence that average people should be able to write custom "mission-critical" applications formed the basis of Interface Builder, which Berners-Lee utilized to do just that — by writing a program entitled "WorldWideWeb 1.0".
NeXT computers were used in the development of the computer game Doom
The return of Apple Computer. Apple's reliance on outdated software and internal mismanagement, particularly its inability to release a major operating system upgrade, had brought it near bankruptcy in the early-to-mid 1990s. Jobs' progressive stance on Unix underpinnings was considered overly ambitious and somewhat backward in the 1980s, but his choice ultimately became an expandable, solid foundation for an operating system. Apple would later acquire this software and, under Jobs' leadership, experience a renaissance
Jobs works at Apple for an annual salary of US$1 and this earned him a listing in Guinness World Records as the "Lowest Paid Chief Executive Officer." His current salary at Apple officially remains US$1 per year, although he has traditionally been the recipient of a number of lucrative "executive gifts" from the board, including a US$46 million jet in 1999 and just under 30 million shares of restricted stock in 2000–2002
Stock options scandal
In 2001, Steve Jobs was granted stock options in the amount of 7,500,000 shares of Apple with an exercise price of US$18.30, which allegedly should have been US$21.10, thereby incurring taxable income of $20,000,000 that he did not report as income. Apple overstated its earnings by that same amount. If found liable, Jobs may face a number of criminal charges and civil penalties
Jobs also owns Pixar and is the major shareholder in Disney
Much has been made of Jobs's aggressive and demanding personality. Fortune noted that he "is considered one of Silicon Valley's leading egomaniacs
With his personality being known to be very demanding, his power and influence will increase as he is committed to what he does and will ensure that his plans are undertaken properly to good effect.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kN0SVBCJqLs
http://www.wired.com/gadgets/mac/commentary/cultofmac/2006/03/70512
Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is the co-founder and CEO of Apple and was the CEO of Pixar until its acquisition by Disney. He is currently the largest Disney shareholder and a member of Disney's Board of Directors. He is considered a leading figure in both the computer and entertainment industries.
Although he dropped out after only one semester,he continued auditing classes at Reed, such as one in calligraphy. "If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts," he said.
He took a job as a technician at Atari, a manufacturer of popular video games
Jobs then backpacked around India with a Reed College friend (and, later, first Apple employee), Daniel Kottke, in search of philosophical enlightenment. He came back with his head shaved and wearing traditional Indian clothing. He returned to his previous job at Atari and was given the task of creating a circuit board for the game Breakout.
Apple Computer Co. was founded as a partnership on April 1, 1976. Though their initial plan was to sell just printed circuit boards, Jobs and Wozniak ended up creating a batch of completely assembled computers and thus entered the personal computer business. The first personal computer Jobs and Wozniak introduced, the Apple I, sold for US$666.66, a number Wozniak came up with because he liked repeating digits
Two days later at Apple's annual shareholders meeting on January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the Macintosh to a wildly enthusiastic audience; Andy Hertzfeld described the scene as "pandemonium. The Macintosh became the first commercially successful computer with a graphical user interface, although it was heavily influenced by Xerox PARC
Around the same time, Jobs founded another computer company, NeXT Computer. Like the Apple Lisa, the NeXT workstation was technologically advanced, but was never able to break into the mainstream mainly owing to its high cost
NeXT technology played a large role in catalyzing three unrelated events:
The World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee developed the original World Wide Web system at CERN on a NeXT workstation. Jobs' insistence that average people should be able to write custom "mission-critical" applications formed the basis of Interface Builder, which Berners-Lee utilized to do just that — by writing a program entitled "WorldWideWeb 1.0".
NeXT computers were used in the development of the computer game Doom
The return of Apple Computer. Apple's reliance on outdated software and internal mismanagement, particularly its inability to release a major operating system upgrade, had brought it near bankruptcy in the early-to-mid 1990s. Jobs' progressive stance on Unix underpinnings was considered overly ambitious and somewhat backward in the 1980s, but his choice ultimately became an expandable, solid foundation for an operating system. Apple would later acquire this software and, under Jobs' leadership, experience a renaissance
Jobs works at Apple for an annual salary of US$1 and this earned him a listing in Guinness World Records as the "Lowest Paid Chief Executive Officer." His current salary at Apple officially remains US$1 per year, although he has traditionally been the recipient of a number of lucrative "executive gifts" from the board, including a US$46 million jet in 1999 and just under 30 million shares of restricted stock in 2000–2002
Stock options scandal
In 2001, Steve Jobs was granted stock options in the amount of 7,500,000 shares of Apple with an exercise price of US$18.30, which allegedly should have been US$21.10, thereby incurring taxable income of $20,000,000 that he did not report as income. Apple overstated its earnings by that same amount. If found liable, Jobs may face a number of criminal charges and civil penalties
Jobs also owns Pixar and is the major shareholder in Disney
Much has been made of Jobs's aggressive and demanding personality. Fortune noted that he "is considered one of Silicon Valley's leading egomaniacs
With his personality being known to be very demanding, his power and influence will increase as he is committed to what he does and will ensure that his plans are undertaken properly to good effect.
MEDIA STORY
http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2007/nov/13/iphone.mobilephones
iphone sales are in line with expected sales.
Apple'es new iphone is enduring even more success as the new iphone is living upto the expectations. Apple expected to achieve high sales and the iphone has not disappointed. It has only been out for a few days and is already proving to be a success. This story is very significant as Apple is constantly proving to be a big threat to electrical companies such as Sony. And although Sony probably owns more market share, Apple is on the rise and could become the dominator in the market very soon. Personally I feel this is very good as healthy competition is being provided to major electrical companies and therefore something even better will have to be produced as well as prices being reduced. From a customers point of view this is very good as we can expect to have the latest technologies at competitive prices.
iphone sales are in line with expected sales.
Apple'es new iphone is enduring even more success as the new iphone is living upto the expectations. Apple expected to achieve high sales and the iphone has not disappointed. It has only been out for a few days and is already proving to be a success. This story is very significant as Apple is constantly proving to be a big threat to electrical companies such as Sony. And although Sony probably owns more market share, Apple is on the rise and could become the dominator in the market very soon. Personally I feel this is very good as healthy competition is being provided to major electrical companies and therefore something even better will have to be produced as well as prices being reduced. From a customers point of view this is very good as we can expect to have the latest technologies at competitive prices.
Conversation
Pluralism allows to for many different viewpoints to be explored in media text. There is no one hegemonic message to be conveyed through all media texts.
Through conglomerates run by people such as Murdoch many texts carry the same message so you can not say that it doesn’t influence the audience.
As time goes on we as individuals have become much more media literate and educated therefore we know whats right and wrong. If conglomerates like Murdoch own alot of the media, we as individuals still think for ourselves.
But still people like Althusser who identified ISA’s and RSA’s help maintain ideologies such as education, legal and political systems which are widely talked about in the media. Therefore our opinion is still influenced by these factors.
Interestingly there is another contradiction in your view. You talk of people’s opinions being influenced (influence being the key term) but argue against the view of Marxism which is infact the construction of the elite influencing the classes lower to it. By establishing the concept and validity of “influence” you are showing that the Marxist view is still in practice.
Society is not influenced by no ones practice. They simply view and read for information and then make their own views. And no there is not only one source of information.
This is true but as the media has so much power, even though we think we choose, we really can’t ...... (incomplete but I think they are trying to say that we may think that we are challenging certain ideas, but the ideas of challenging may also be a hegemonic message.)
I think this conversation makes some very good points as each part is challenging the previous bit said. Also theories and theorists are mentioned which make my argument much stronger. Some of the points made are made quite generally but they do still apply to the conversation and are fully relevant to the previous points made. My personal opinion though makes me a marxist as I do believe that we live in a hegemonic society as we are constantly being influenced by things we hear and see. There are some people challenging and alot who think for themselves, but not many stand up against it and instead accept what they read/hear/see.
Through conglomerates run by people such as Murdoch many texts carry the same message so you can not say that it doesn’t influence the audience.
As time goes on we as individuals have become much more media literate and educated therefore we know whats right and wrong. If conglomerates like Murdoch own alot of the media, we as individuals still think for ourselves.
But still people like Althusser who identified ISA’s and RSA’s help maintain ideologies such as education, legal and political systems which are widely talked about in the media. Therefore our opinion is still influenced by these factors.
Interestingly there is another contradiction in your view. You talk of people’s opinions being influenced (influence being the key term) but argue against the view of Marxism which is infact the construction of the elite influencing the classes lower to it. By establishing the concept and validity of “influence” you are showing that the Marxist view is still in practice.
Society is not influenced by no ones practice. They simply view and read for information and then make their own views. And no there is not only one source of information.
This is true but as the media has so much power, even though we think we choose, we really can’t ...... (incomplete but I think they are trying to say that we may think that we are challenging certain ideas, but the ideas of challenging may also be a hegemonic message.)
I think this conversation makes some very good points as each part is challenging the previous bit said. Also theories and theorists are mentioned which make my argument much stronger. Some of the points made are made quite generally but they do still apply to the conversation and are fully relevant to the previous points made. My personal opinion though makes me a marxist as I do believe that we live in a hegemonic society as we are constantly being influenced by things we hear and see. There are some people challenging and alot who think for themselves, but not many stand up against it and instead accept what they read/hear/see.
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